台湾台积电--商业秘密崇拜

了解《捍卫商业秘密法》(DTSA)规定的举报人豁免权
Last Updated: 11 月 9, 2025
Updated by: Tangibly

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商业秘密正在成为一种日益重要的资产类别。一些典型的商业秘密例子包括可口可乐的配方、WD-40 的配方,以及我个人最喜欢的上校秘方(肯德基)。除了这些容易识别的例子之外,还有数以百万计的商业秘密推动着创新、竞争优势,并最终为大小公司带来利润。

在商业秘密的新世界秩序中,没有比台湾积体电路制造股份有限公司(Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company,简称 "台积电")更好的思想领袖了。台积电于 1987 年由传奇半导体先驱张铭顺(Morris Chang)创立,开创了无晶圆厂半导体商业模式的时代,目前是全球最大的晶圆代工厂,市值达 $5.500B。张忠谋的故事就像一本美国移民梦的小册子:在哈佛大学和麻省理工学院接受教育,在德州仪器公司(Texas Instruments)度过了 25 年的辉煌职业生涯,之后移居台湾并改变了世界。

包括英伟达(Nvidia)、高通(Qualcomm)和博通(Broadcom)在内的许多当今最成功的半导体公司的产品都是由台积电制造的。台积电的专有制造技术最初受加州理工学院教授卡佛-米德(Carver Mead)的超大规模集成(VLSI)方法启发,这些技术基本上都作为商业机密受到保护。用他们自己的话说,"商业机密与台积电的竞争优势密不可分"。

将半导体加工技术作为商业机密加以保护是一种常见的做法,因为申请专利会将创新置于公共领域。加工技术就其本质而言,是闭门进行的,不向公众开放。因此,很难甚至不可能知道你的加工专利是否被侵权。

台积电的与众不同之处在于他们对商业机密的管理。这是他们文化的一部分。台积公司每年都会举办 "商业秘密金奖 "颁奖典礼,表彰为公司商业秘密做出贡献的员工。董事会主席马克-刘(Mark Liu)先生亲自到场颁奖,表明公司对这些重要资产的重视。此外,台积公司还将此活动公诸于众,确保公司内部和外部人士了解台积公司对商业机密的持续承诺和重视。

在对商业秘密盗用提起诉讼时,最关键的障碍也许是证明你已经尽了最大努力来保守秘密。正如著名知识产权诉讼律师、世界知识产权组织前副总干事吉姆-普利(Jim Pooley)在这篇2020年评论中所概述的,法院对这一含义的看法可能大相径庭。不过,一个好的经验法则是,积极主动的行为通常会得到奖励,而冷漠无情的行为就像掷骰子。

几年前,我曾有幸前往台积电总部推销产品,因此对他们对保密工作的重视程度有了一些第一手资料。一进门,手机就会被没收。笔记本电脑的摄像头会被贴上胶带。这里没有访客 Wi-Fi 网络,如果你打算像我一样进行网络演示,这就很不幸了。来宾会议室没有窗户,无法从外面窥视。

台积电将积极的商业秘密管理提升到了一个新的水平,并继续以首创精神引领代工市场。最近,他们率先将 5 纳米制造工艺商业化,帮助提升芯片性能,同时降低功耗。苹果公司的 A14 Bionic 芯片就是基于这一平台制造的。

与台积电不同,大多数公司,无论规模大小,都尚未将商业秘密作为企业知识产权文化的基石。我们相信,有利于商业秘密经济的潮流正在转向,尤其是对技术公司而言。我们看到越来越多的知识产权律师正在寻找管理公司或客户商业秘密的解决方案。这正是我们在 Tangibly 正在构建的。

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