商业秘密--促进全球经济增长和发展的无国界资产

了解《捍卫商业秘密法》(DTSA)规定的举报人豁免权
Last Updated: 1 月 19, 2026
Updated by: Tangibly

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随着全球大部分人口不断向数字技术过渡,企业的商业秘密资产被黑客攻击、下载或以其他方式跨国电子传输的风险也越来越大。虽然商业秘密没有普遍的具有法律约束力的定义,但鉴于商业秘密在全球经济中代表着巨大的经济价值,各主要经济区已就商业秘密法的基本内容达成了普遍共识,包括什么是商业秘密和盗用。

例如,2016 年签署成为法律的《捍卫商业秘密法》(DTSA)为商业秘密盗用提供了联邦私人诉讼权,并有效统一了 50 个州的临时和永久救济措施(即禁令救济、损害赔偿以及某些情况下的刑事责任)。同年,欧洲议会签署了《关于保护未披露的专有技术和商业信息(商业秘密)以防止其被非法获取、使用和披露的指令》(《指令》),使之成为法律。与《商业秘密法》一样,该指令旨在统一欧盟各成员国的商业秘密法,包括可用的补救措施。自 2019 年起,新的商业秘密法在整个欧盟生效。

与 COVID 大流行病相关的宏观经济混乱的影响,包括跨境供应链的断裂、远程工作和使能技术、员工的不满情绪以及大辞职,都强调了企业有效管理其商业秘密的能力。这反过来又导致企业所有者、投资者、外部法律顾问和执法部门对商业秘密的关注与日俱增。随着关注度的提高,国内和国际案件激增,专门讨论商业秘密的多日会议也层出不穷,包括趋势性的跨境问题,如美国专利商标局 2022 年商业秘密研讨会;2022 年塞多纳商业秘密会议;2022年商业秘密知识产权保护与管理欧盟峰会;2022年世界知识产权组织商业秘密与创新研讨会;2022年国际律师协会跨国公司在跨境和远程工作环境中保护商业秘密会议;以及2022年IPBC亚洲 "超越专利 "会议。

商业秘密法》和《指令》已经开始有效地协调各司法管辖区商业秘密诉讼的预期结果,而在以前,这两者之间存在很大的不一致性和不可预测性。虽然《商业秘密法》和《指令》之间存在并将继续存在重要差异(例如时效),但在定义和补救措施方面存在大量重叠。甚至中国 2019 年修订的《反不正当竞争法》(AUCL)也扩大了对商业秘密的法律保护,其措辞与 DTSA 和指令相似。对于美国的商业秘密盗用案件,如果可以选择,DTSA 和联邦法院仍将是首选法院,因为它们的管辖范围相对较广。如果被指控的盗用者是美国公民或实体,或者在美国发生了 "助长犯罪的行为",联邦法院对任何行为都有管辖权,即使是发生在外国司法管辖区的行为--而且还有广泛的证据披露规则。国际贸易委员会(ITC)也正在成为阻止进口使用或包含被盗用商业秘密的产品的一个有吸引力的场所。

商业秘密在国际上也越来越受到关注和活跃。例如,DOW 化学公司成功地 对一家中国化工公司执行瑞典商业秘密仲裁裁决。 此外,在最近的美国国际贸易委员会 LG 诉 SK 案中,一家韩国公司在美国对另一家竞争的韩国公司提出了盗用其在韩国发明和拥有的商业秘密的索赔。

商业秘密曾一度被视为政府鼓励使用专利、商标和版权保护有价值创新政策的 "穷孩子",但现在商业秘密正逐渐成为自己的一部分,各国政府也开始不分国界地保护商业秘密。因此,我们开发了 Tangibly 平台,帮助客户按照新的全球标准管理其商业秘密资产。

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