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快速创新推动了对商业秘密的需求

快速创新推动了对商业秘密的需求
Last updated on: 12 月 28, 2022
Author: Tangibly

This article is part of Tangibly’s Guest Series. Read the original article here.

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[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]The first US patent was awarded in 1790 fora method to produce potash, which was America’s first industrial chemical. The US Patent Office was created in 1802. The country and society as a whole havebeen served well by a legal framework around which investment can be made intoinnovations, those innovations have legal ownership, and the ramifications oftheft are clear. Then and to this day, patents serve the purpose of protectinginnovations that are easily duplicated.

几个世纪后的今天,2010 年的 美国最高法院比尔斯基诉卡波斯案 这开启了软件专利的下坡路。比尔斯基案之后,2014 年又有 Alice 公司诉 CLS 国际银行 这使得被告更容易宣告软件专利无效。有趣的是,在这两起案件中,软件本身从未被提及。但七年过去了,数以百计的案件都适用了爱丽丝案,结果显而易见: 为软件创新申请专利的可能性微乎其微

与此同时,许多公司面临的是创新步伐的急剧转变。算法、用户界面和体验以及计算架构都在不断改进。人工智能和机器学习进一步加快了本已瞬息万变的形势。

将所有这些与专利制度的运行速度相比。可以说是冰火两重天。尽管有一些窍门和昂贵的方法可以加快进程,但一项专利从申请到颁发平均需要四年时间。在这个时间框架内,技术早已过时。

那么,谷歌、Facebook 和微软等科技公司为什么还要申请专利呢?或者第一时间从 RIM、AOL、柯达和摩托罗拉等昔日高富帅手中购买专利资产?或者投资于 Intellectual Ventures 这样的专利基金?或者拥有像 AST 这样的自动专利购买机器?

平均而言,专利已成为一种战略资产,就像免费的美食、漂亮的新校园或额外的带薪休假一样。这是一种保持竞争力的方式。但与免费午餐不同的是,领先企业的专利组合就像一把沉重的大锤子,随时准备用来打击竞争对手,以减缓他们的发展速度,阻碍新产品的推出,或对他们威胁到你的利润率做出反应。

在单个国家申请专利的平均终生成本最低为 $100,000 美元,因此如果覆盖全球,成本将接近一百万美元。而这仅仅是个开始,因为获得授权的专利只是一种出庭辩护的权利,当然还需要额外的费用。

已颁发的专利并不意味着你可以自由经营,也不表明专利的有效性。它只是专利局表明该想法已通过了新颖性门槛。如果你发现自己需要对专利提起诉讼,传统观点认为现在需要$5M的资金。这并不奇怪 目前,诉讼融资是企业融资中一个不断增长的类别。

专利当然会继续存在,但对大型科技公司来说,专利不再是为了创新,而是为了遏制竞争对手。你能在专利中找到驱动 TikTok 上轰动性观众指标的算法吗?或者谷歌页面排名算法的细节?或者是驱动 AWS 中深不可测的可扩展性的负载转移技术?或是任何一家保险公司的精算模型?不可能!真正的技术创新都是商业机密。

由于 2016 年美国 DTSA 立法因此,对于技术创新而言,商业秘密是一种更为可行的保护机制。DTSA 使公司能够高效地在联邦法院提起商业秘密诉讼,与州法院诉讼相比,这是一个值得欢迎的优势,因为州法院的地方法律千变万化,而且往往不一致。自 2016 年以来,商业秘密案件增加了 40%,判决的规模也在不断扩大。

专利和商标制度要求资产向政府注册,因此政府在某种程度上充当了保管人的角色,但与此不同的是,公司在管理其商业秘密时只能靠自己。虽然有关商业秘密的法律是明确的,法院如何解释这些法律也有很多先例,但法院对商业秘密是否有充分文件证明的要求越来越高。

大多数商业秘密案件最终都取决于几个关键领域。首先是公司是否已采取合理措施确保机密性的问题。这一要求有许多细微差别,在法庭上很容易出现问题。第二个方面是意识和沟通。我不知道这是商业秘密 "的论调依然存在,这也是对公司资产管理不善的一种批判。最后,管理不善的合同--如 NDA 和雇佣协议--仍然是对方律师的素材。

The time has come for a system to manage trade secrets. That is what we’ve built at Tangibly.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row]

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