美国更加严肃地惩治商业秘密盗窃行为

了解《捍卫商业秘密法》(DTSA)规定的举报人豁免权
Last Updated: 2 月 12, 2026
Updated by: Tangibly

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美国联邦政府不断加大保护美国商业机密的力度。

2016 年颁布的《捍卫商业秘密法》("DTSA")是对潜在商业秘密盗窃行为的一次重大打击。  商业秘密法》为窃取商业秘密提供了联邦诉因。  原告可根据 DTSA 申请禁令、损害赔偿、律师费甚至扣押令等补救措施。  在《商业秘密法》出台之前,商业秘密所有者不得不依靠各州不一致的法律来获得保护。

2023 年 1 月,拜登总统颁布了《2022 年保护美国知识产权法》("PAIPA")。  这代表了威慑力量的下一步发展,也表明商业秘密对国家的重要性与日俱增。

总统必须每年向国会通报一份名单,列出参与、支持或受益于从 "美国人"(个人或企业)处窃取商业机密的任何 "外国人",这些人可能对美国的国家安全、外交政策、经济健康或金融稳定构成重大威胁。  总统还必须报告哪些实体和个人从商业秘密盗窃中获益,以及他们是如何获益的。

PAIPA 还要求总统从一长串清单中选出制裁措施,包括阻止签证、阻止贷款、禁止与美国政府签订合同以及其他经济限制和惩罚措施。

有一些程序上的未决问题必须尽快解决。  目前还不清楚被列入名单的人如果认为名单有误,何时以及如何对其被列入名单提出质疑。  目前还不清楚商业秘密所有人如何建议将被指控的盗用者列入总统名单。  这些悬而未决的问题很可能会在法规或诉讼中得到解决。

PAIPA 是保护美国商业秘密的最新利箭。  商业秘密持有者有多种反击方式--州法院诉讼、DTSA、ITC 337 条款调查,以及现在的 PAIPA 来保护他们的秘密。

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