特許が有効であることの意味についてSCOTUSが見解を示す

営業秘密保護法(DTSA)に基づく内部告発者免責の理解
Last Updated: 2月 12, 2026
Updated by: Chris Buntel

Table Of Content

One of the basic requirements of US patents is that they be “enabled”.  This “enablement” allows one of ordinary skill in the art to read the patent and be able to make and use the described technology without undue experimentation. Basically, it shouldn’t be too hard to get the invention to work after you read the patent.

米国連邦最高裁判所は最近、アムジェン社の2件の特許を無効としたCAFCの判断を支持した。 この特許は26の抗体をアミノ酸配列で明確に説明していたが、クレームは膨大な数の抗体を包含していた。

この2つの特許は、PCSK9(天然に存在するタンパク質)の特定の配列に結合し、PCSK9がLDLレセプターに結合するのを阻害する抗体を請求するものである。 この抗体はLDLコレステロールが高い患者の治療に有用である。

裁判所は、特許請求の範囲の機能的文言がカバーする抗体の数は膨大であり、26の特定の抗体配列で可能にするには単純に多すぎると判断した。

この裁判は特許の問題を具体的に取り上げているが、Tangibly社のCEOは私に、暗黙の営業秘密の側面もあるのではないかと尋ねてきた。

特許出願の起草には常に緊張が伴う。 一方では、特許出願人は、実施可能要件を満たすために、可能な限り詳細を開示したいと考える。 他方で、出願人は、競争相手より優位に立つために、発明のある側面を秘密にしたいと思うかもしれない。

実施可能性/開示が優れているほど、営業秘密は弱くなる。 同様に、営業秘密が強ければ強いほど、実施可能性は弱くなる。 これは、通常の「特許か営業秘密か」という二者択一的な考え方よりもニュアンスのある考え方である。 スイッチではなくダイヤルのようなものだ。


 

ソース

https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/22pdf/21-757_k5g1.pdf

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